Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Germany's road diesel supply was 3,192 kt: 73% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (19%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway591 kt (est. 19%)United States524 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan325 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom309 kt (est. 10%)Libya276 kt (est. 9%)Guyana229 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria112 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins493 kt (est. 15%)Kuwait: no crude data124 kt (4%)India: no crude data64 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports56 kt (2%)United States: no crude data37 kt (1%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported32 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data11 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Germany (own refineries)2.33 Mt (73%)Netherlands433 kt (14%)Kuwait124 kt (4%)Belgium92 kt (3%)India64 kt (2%)Sweden60 kt (2%)United States37 kt (1%)Denmark27 kt (<1%)Venezuela11 kt (<1%)Czechia4.2 kt (<1%)Other suppliers4.9 kt (<1%)Germany: road diesel supply3.19 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Germany (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Kuwait
- Belgium
- India
- Sweden
- United States
- Denmark
- Other (5)
- Norway591 kt (est. 19%)
- United States524 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan325 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom309 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya276 kt (est. 9%)
- Guyana229 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria112 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins493 kt (est. 15%)
- Kuwait: no crude data124 kt (4%)
- India: no crude data64 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports56 kt (2%)
- United States: no crude data37 kt (1%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported32 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data11 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Mar 2026)
11.2 thousand tonnes
<1% of Germany's road diesel supply
Unknown
Refined in
- Venezuela11 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (own refineries) | Germany: road diesel supply | 2,334,742 | 73.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Germany: road diesel supply | 433,399 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Germany: road diesel supply | 123,669 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany: road diesel supply | 91,625 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany: road diesel supply | 64,369 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany: road diesel supply | 59,542 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany: road diesel supply | 36,553 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Germany: road diesel supply | 27,346 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Venezuela | Germany: road diesel supply | 11,245 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Germany: road diesel supply | 4,946 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Czechia | Germany: road diesel supply | 4,198 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany (own refineries) | 423,095 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany (own refineries) | 381,809 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany (own refineries) | 367,648 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany (own refineries) | 286,711 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany (own refineries) | 272,046 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany (own refineries) | 254,485 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany (own refineries) | 221,059 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 123,669 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 105,166 | 24.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 97,738 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 95,758 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany (own refineries) | 72,115 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| India: no crude data | India | 64,369 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany (own refineries) | 55,774 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 40,064 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 36,553 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Belgium | 34,084 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 32,410 | 7.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 30,229 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 29,690 | 49.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 29,172 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 18,330 | 30.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 18,134 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 13,543 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Venezuela | 11,245 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Denmark | 8,980 | 32.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 8,833 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 7,982 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 7,724 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 7,280 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 6,405 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 5,340 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 5,287 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 2,863 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 2,810 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 2,733 | 65.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,784 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 1,756 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 1,203 | 100.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 1,032 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,028 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 801 | 36.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 551 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Other suppliers | 481 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 452 | 50.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 436 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 418 | 11.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Other suppliers | 369 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 152 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 33 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 6 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Germany’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (123,669 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- India: no crude data (64,369 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Germany: crude not from imports (55,774 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United States: no crude data (36,553 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (32,410 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (11,245 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (9,397 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (6 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.