Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Germany's petrol supply was 1,960 kt: 90% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (22%), Norway (19%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
United States440 kt (est. 22%)Norway376 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan200 kt (est. 10%)Libya188 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom110 kt (est. 6%)Algeria72 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria59 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins351 kt (est. 18%)Germany: crude origin not reported107 kt (5%)Germany: crude not from imports38 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data2.8 kt (<1%)Germany (own refineries)1.76 Mt (90%)Netherlands100 kt (5%)Belgium36 kt (2%)Slovakia27 kt (1%)Czechia25 kt (1%)Austria8.2 kt (<1%)Hungary5.5 kt (<1%)Switzerland2.3 kt (<1%)Sweden0.6 kt (<1%)United Kingdom0.4 kt (<1%)Other suppliers0.6 kt (<1%)Germany: petrol supply1.96 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Germany (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Slovakia
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Switzerland
- Other (6)
- United States440 kt (est. 22%)
- Norway376 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan200 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya188 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom110 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria72 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria59 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins351 kt (est. 18%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported107 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude not from imports38 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data2.8 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (own refineries) | Germany: petrol supply | 1,755,106 | 89.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Germany: petrol supply | 99,922 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany: petrol supply | 36,426 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany: petrol supply | 26,741 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany: petrol supply | 24,654 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Germany: petrol supply | 8,182 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Germany: petrol supply | 5,505 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Switzerland | Germany: petrol supply | 2,343 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Germany (own refineries) | 403,913 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany (own refineries) | 357,748 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany (own refineries) | 267,597 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany (own refineries) | 186,670 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany (own refineries) | 182,687 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany (own refineries) | 107,257 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany (own refineries) | 97,275 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany (own refineries) | 70,905 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany (own refineries) | 42,988 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany (own refineries) | 38,066 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 28,352 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 24,600 | 92.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Germany split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 23,864 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 18,218 | 73.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 12,179 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 12,137 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 10,965 | 30.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 9,467 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 7,355 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,964 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 5,374 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 5,266 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 4,149 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 4,003 | 72.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Germany split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 3,980 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,614 | 44.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,552 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 2,807 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,572 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 2,522 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Switzerland | 2,343 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 1,492 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,491 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,435 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 1,173 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,061 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,043 | 18.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 967 | 11.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 649 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Germany split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 459 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Germany split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 378 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 373 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 332 | 122.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 282 | 49.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 194 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 98 | 103.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 78 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 76 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 69 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Algeria | Austria | 62 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 57 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 46 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 45 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 39 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 32 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 30 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Other suppliers | 28 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 17 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 12 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 12 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 7 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 6 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 6 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's petrol to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 2 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 0 | 1.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Germany’s supply of petrol in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (107,257 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (38,066 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (9,465 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6,807 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (2,790 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.