Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Germany's petrol supply was 2,075 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (18%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway380 kt (est. 18%)United States322 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan236 kt (est. 11%)Libya216 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom178 kt (est. 9%)Iraq155 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins354 kt (est. 17%)Germany: crude origin not reported115 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported26 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.2 kt (<1%)Germany (own refineries)1.77 Mt (85%)Netherlands194 kt (9%)Belgium80 kt (4%)Czechia18 kt (<1%)Austria6.7 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.8 kt (<1%)Hungary2.3 kt (<1%)United Kingdom1.0 kt (<1%)Sweden0.7 kt (<1%)Finland0.5 kt (<1%)Israel0.2 kt (<1%)Germany: petrol supply2.08 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Germany (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Czechia
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- United Kingdom
- Other (3)
- Norway380 kt (est. 18%)
- United States322 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan236 kt (est. 11%)
- Libya216 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom178 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq155 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan82 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins354 kt (est. 17%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported115 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported26 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.2 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (own refineries) | Germany: petrol supply | 1,768,782 | 85.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Germany: petrol supply | 193,771 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany: petrol supply | 80,236 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany: petrol supply | 18,428 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Germany: petrol supply | 6,662 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany: petrol supply | 2,773 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Germany: petrol supply | 2,250 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany (own refineries) | 330,736 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany (own refineries) | 275,052 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany (own refineries) | 264,912 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany (own refineries) | 213,141 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany (own refineries) | 199,957 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany (own refineries) | 153,693 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany (own refineries) | 134,228 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany (own refineries) | 114,760 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany (own refineries) | 73,071 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 47,288 | 24.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 42,268 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 32,357 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 21,496 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 19,977 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 18,840 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 16,406 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 15,304 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Belgium | 14,677 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 14,564 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 11,168 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 9,970 | 12.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany (own refineries) | 9,232 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 7,685 | 41.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 5,335 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 4,320 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 3,547 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,187 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 2,830 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,280 | 82.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Germany split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,699 | 75.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Germany split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 1,333 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,235 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,105 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,057 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 1,019 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 695 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 647 | 3.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Belgium | 495 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 449 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 446 | 6.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Sweden | 416 | 58.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 358 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 294 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 291 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 257 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Germany split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 213 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 205 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 202 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Germany split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Israel | 161 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 69 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 52 | 7.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 48 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 44 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 43 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 39 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 33 | 7.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 26 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Finland | 21 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 18 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Germany’s supply of petrol in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (114,760 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (26,064 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (10,994 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,180 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.