Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Germany's petrol supply was 1,896 kt: 90% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (20%), the United States (18%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway371 kt (est. 20%)United States341 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan259 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom188 kt (est. 10%)Libya152 kt (est. 8%)Guyana139 kt (est. 7%)Canada73 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins306 kt (est. 16%)Germany: crude not from imports52 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Germany (own refineries)1.70 Mt (90%)Netherlands125 kt (7%)Belgium32 kt (2%)Czechia26 kt (1%)Austria10 kt (<1%)Sweden1.1 kt (<1%)Finland0.3 kt (<1%)United Kingdomless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Germany: petrol supply1.90 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Germany (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Czechia
- Austria
- Sweden
- Finland
- United Kingdom
- Other (1)
- Norway371 kt (est. 20%)
- United States341 kt (est. 18%)
- Kazakhstan259 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom188 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya152 kt (est. 8%)
- Guyana139 kt (est. 7%)
- Canada73 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins306 kt (est. 16%)
- Germany: crude not from imports52 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (own refineries) | Germany: petrol supply | 1,700,999 | 89.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Germany: petrol supply | 125,343 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany: petrol supply | 32,452 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany: petrol supply | 25,899 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Germany: petrol supply | 10,155 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany (own refineries) | 332,706 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany (own refineries) | 303,793 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany (own refineries) | 249,932 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany (own refineries) | 234,139 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany (own refineries) | 174,343 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany (own refineries) | 149,589 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany (own refineries) | 135,889 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Germany (own refineries) | 69,004 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany (own refineries) | 51,601 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 34,800 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 30,734 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 24,060 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 14,910 | 57.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 11,936 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 11,602 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 10,706 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 8,820 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 6,217 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,553 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 4,471 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,428 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,312 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 3,422 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 3,082 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,647 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,976 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,806 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 1,323 | 13.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 1,290 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 1,206 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 883 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 758 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 751 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Canada | Belgium | 653 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 588 | 51.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 517 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 381 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 371 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Germany split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 258 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 236 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Finland | 208 | 75.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 161 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 59 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 58 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 36 | 12.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 26 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 23 | 8.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Libya | Sweden | 21 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 11 | 3.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Germany split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | France | 1 | 37.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 0 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 0 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 0 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 0 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | France | 0 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Germany split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Germany’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude not from imports (51,601 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (9,056 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,222 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (26 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.