Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, Greece's road diesel supply was 619 kt: 91% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Türkiye (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (28%), Kazakhstan (26%) and Libya (19%), and 12% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Türkiye
- United Kingdom
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2025)
171.8 thousand tonnes
est. 28% of Greece's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported172 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Greece (own refineries)172 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 562,429 | 90.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Türkiye | Greece: road diesel supply | 33,852 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 22,953 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 171,756 | 30.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 163,022 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 120,243 | 21.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 48,263 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 33,852 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 22,953 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 16,649 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece (own refineries) | 16,248 | 2.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 15,519 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 10,729 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2025-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-12 to 2025-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Türkiye: no crude data (33,852 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (22,953 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (16,248 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.