Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Greece's road diesel supply was 787 kt: 90% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (26%), Kazakhstan (24%) and Libya (14%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq206 kt (est. 26%)Kazakhstan187 kt (est. 24%)Libya111 kt (est. 14%)Norway93 kt (est. 12%)Saudi Arabia66 kt (est. 8%)Egypt31 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan17 kt (est. 2%)Egypt: no crude data31 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data30 kt (4%)United Kingdom: no crude data15 kt (2%)Greece (own refineries)711 kt (90%)Egypt31 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia30 kt (4%)United Kingdom15 kt (2%)Greece: road diesel supply787 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Egypt
- Saudi Arabia
- United Kingdom
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Aug 2025)
111.0 thousand tonnes
est. 14% of Greece's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported111 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Refined in
- Greece (own refineries)111 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 710,825 | 90.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Egypt | Greece: road diesel supply | 30,765 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece: road diesel supply | 30,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 15,417 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 205,656 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 187,409 | 26.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 111,050 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 92,862 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 65,597 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 31,302 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 30,765 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 30,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 16,948 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 15,417 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Egypt: no crude data (30,765 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (30,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (15,417 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.