Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Greece's road diesel supply was 707 kt: 91% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (27%), Iraq (24%) and Libya (22%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan189 kt (est. 27%)Iraq170 kt (est. 24%)Libya153 kt (est. 22%)Saudi Arabia60 kt (est. 8%)Norway41 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan19 kt (est. 3%)Egypt8.5 kt (est. 1%)Israel: no crude data33 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data23 kt (3%)Türkiye: no crude data10 kt (1%)Greece (own refineries)641 kt (91%)Israel33 kt (5%)United Kingdom23 kt (3%)Türkiye10 kt (1%)Greece: road diesel supply707 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Israel
- United Kingdom
- Türkiye
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Mar 2025)
10.1 thousand tonnes
1% of Greece's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Türkiye10 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 641,167 | 90.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Israel | Greece: road diesel supply | 32,787 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 22,975 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece: road diesel supply | 10,121 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 189,284 | 29.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 169,706 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 153,433 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 59,546 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 41,268 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 32,787 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 22,975 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 19,390 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 10,121 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 8,540 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (32,787 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (22,975 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Türkiye: no crude data (10,121 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.