Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Greece's road diesel supply was 728 kt: 97% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (31%), Kazakhstan (24%) and Libya (19%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq223 kt (est. 31%)Kazakhstan178 kt (est. 24%)Libya137 kt (est. 19%)Saudi Arabia79 kt (est. 11%)Norway41 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 2%)Egypt13 kt (est. 2%)Côte d’Ivoire7.0 kt (est. <1%)Egypt: no crude data22 kt (3%)Greece: crude origin not reported14 kt (2%)Greece (own refineries)706 kt (97%)Egypt22 kt (3%)Greece: road diesel supply728 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Egypt
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 705,976 | 96.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Egypt | Greece: road diesel supply | 22,309 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 222,799 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 177,589 | 25.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 137,493 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 78,959 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 40,939 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 22,309 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 14,253 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece (own refineries) | 14,149 | 2.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 12,795 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Greece (own refineries) | 7,001 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Egypt: no crude data (22,309 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude origin not reported (14,149 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.