Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Greece's road diesel supply was 707 kt: 90% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (33%), Kazakhstan (25%) and Libya (16%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq230 kt (est. 33%)Kazakhstan174 kt (est. 25%)Libya111 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia44 kt (est. 6%)Norway44 kt (est. 6%)Egypt18 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria14 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data17 kt (2%)Egypt: no crude data14 kt (2%)Greece: crude not from imports10 kt (1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported10 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)Greece (own refineries)635 kt (90%)Italy30 kt (4%)United Kingdom17 kt (2%)Egypt14 kt (2%)Bulgaria10 kt (1%)Greece: road diesel supply707 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Italy
- United Kingdom
- Egypt
- Bulgaria
- Iraq230 kt (est. 33%)
- Kazakhstan174 kt (est. 25%)
- Libya111 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia44 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway44 kt (est. 6%)
- Egypt18 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria14 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data17 kt (2%)
- Egypt: no crude data14 kt (2%)
- Greece: crude not from imports10 kt (1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported10 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 635,069 | 89.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Italy | Greece: road diesel supply | 30,216 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 17,051 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Greece: road diesel supply | 14,225 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Greece: road diesel supply | 10,030 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 227,964 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 170,165 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 103,938 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 43,231 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 42,113 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 18,173 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 17,051 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 14,225 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Greece (own refineries) | 12,576 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 10,406 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude not from imports | Greece (own refineries) | 10,063 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 10,030 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,854 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece (own refineries) | 6,846 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,855 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,464 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,395 | 7.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,993 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,542 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 385 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Italy | 322 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Greece split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (17,051 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Egypt: no crude data (14,225 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude not from imports (10,063 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (10,030 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,395 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.