Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Greece's jet fuel supply was 142 kt: 100% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (28%), Iraq (28%) and Libya (11%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan39 kt (est. 28%)Iraq39 kt (est. 28%)Libya15 kt (est. 11%)Saudi Arabia14 kt (est. 10%)Norway12 kt (est. 9%)Egypt8.6 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan7.9 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria3.5 kt (est. 2%)Greece: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (1%)Greece (own refineries)142 kt (100%)Greece: jet fuel supply142 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: jet fuel supply | 142,326 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 39,368 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 39,153 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 15,287 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 14,292 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 12,187 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 8,643 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 7,861 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Greece (own refineries) | 3,475 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude origin not reported | Greece (own refineries) | 2,059 | 1.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Greece: crude origin not reported (2,059 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.