Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Greece's road diesel supply was 445 kt: 94% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (28%), Kazakhstan (24%) and Libya (17%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq124 kt (est. 28%)Kazakhstan108 kt (est. 24%)Libya76 kt (est. 17%)Saudi Arabia44 kt (est. 10%)Norway15 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 3%)Canada10 kt (est. 2%)Egypt6.3 kt (est. 1%)Greece: crude not from imports23 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data15 kt (3%)Türkiye: no crude data10 kt (2%)Greece (own refineries)420 kt (94%)United Kingdom15 kt (3%)Türkiye10 kt (2%)Greece: road diesel supply445 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Türkiye
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 420,035 | 94.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 14,817 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece: road diesel supply | 10,152 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 123,607 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 107,638 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 76,114 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 43,693 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Greece: crude not from imports | Greece (own refineries) | 23,219 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 15,161 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 14,817 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 14,195 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Greece (own refineries) | 10,156 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 10,152 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 6,252 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Greece: crude not from imports (23,219 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (14,817 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Türkiye: no crude data (10,152 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.