Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Greece's road diesel supply was 520 kt: 89% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Türkiye (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (27%), Kazakhstan (22%) and Libya (13%), and 17% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq139 kt (est. 27%)Kazakhstan116 kt (est. 22%)Libya69 kt (est. 13%)Saudi Arabia49 kt (est. 9%)Norway17 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 3%)Egypt14 kt (est. 3%)Canada11 kt (est. 2%)Türkiye: no crude data48 kt (9%)Greece: crude not from imports30 kt (6%)Israel: no crude data7.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data3.3 kt (<1%)Greece (own refineries)461 kt (89%)Türkiye48 kt (9%)Israel7.9 kt (2%)United Kingdom3.3 kt (<1%)Greece: road diesel supply520 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Türkiye
- Israel
- United Kingdom
- Iraq139 kt (est. 27%)
- Kazakhstan116 kt (est. 22%)
- Libya69 kt (est. 13%)
- Saudi Arabia49 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway17 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 3%)
- Egypt14 kt (est. 3%)
- Canada11 kt (est. 2%)
- Türkiye: no crude data48 kt (9%)
- Greece: crude not from imports30 kt (6%)
- Israel: no crude data7.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data3.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: road diesel supply | 460,606 | 88.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Türkiye | Greece: road diesel supply | 48,140 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Greece: road diesel supply | 7,902 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece: road diesel supply | 3,298 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 138,677 | 30.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 115,833 | 25.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 68,515 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 48,902 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 48,140 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Greece: crude not from imports | Greece (own refineries) | 30,004 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 17,112 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 16,021 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 14,079 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Greece (own refineries) | 11,463 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 7,902 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 3,298 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of road diesel in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Türkiye: no crude data (48,140 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Greece: crude not from imports (30,004 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Israel: no crude data (7,902 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (3,298 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.