Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Greece's jet fuel supply was 358 kt: 97% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Iraq (26%), Kazakhstan (20%) and Libya (16%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Iraq95 kt (est. 26%)Kazakhstan72 kt (est. 20%)Libya58 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia42 kt (est. 12%)Norway41 kt (est. 12%)Azerbaijan19 kt (est. 5%)United States11 kt (est. 3%)Egypt8.5 kt (est. 2%)Libya: no crude data12 kt (3%)Greece (own refineries)346 kt (97%)Libya12 kt (3%)Greece: jet fuel supply358 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Greece (own refineries)
- Libya
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece (own refineries) | Greece: jet fuel supply | 346,213 | 96.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Libya | Greece: jet fuel supply | 12,279 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iraq | Greece (own refineries) | 94,805 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece (own refineries) | 71,961 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece (own refineries) | 57,757 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece (own refineries) | 42,031 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece (own refineries) | 41,231 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece (own refineries) | 19,055 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya: no crude data | Libya | 12,279 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Greece (own refineries) | 10,881 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece (own refineries) | 8,493 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's jet fuel to Greece split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Greece’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Libya: no crude data (12,279 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.