Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Hungary's petrol supply was 147 kt: 78% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Austria (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (56%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 20% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia82 kt (est. 56%)Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 14%)Croatia5.4 kt (est. 4%)Libya4.2 kt (est. 3%)Iraq1.5 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan1.4 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. 1%)Hungary: crude not from imports22 kt (15%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.5 kt (2%)Austria: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (2%)Slovenia: no refinery2.0 kt (1%)Hungary (own refineries)115 kt (78%)Austria20 kt (14%)Romania5.0 kt (3%)Slovakia3.0 kt (2%)Czechia2.0 kt (1%)Slovenia2.0 kt (1%)Hungary: petrol supply147 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia82 kt (est. 56%)
- Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 14%)
- Croatia5.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya4.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq1.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Azerbaijan1.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports22 kt (15%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.5 kt (2%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (2%)
- Slovenia: no refinery2.0 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 115,000 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 20,000 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: petrol supply | 5,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 3,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 78,219 | 68.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 21,781 | 18.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 9,589 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,833 | 44.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,411 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,508 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,760 | 92.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria | 2,364 | 11.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,078 | 41.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Iraq | Austria | 1,475 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,440 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,369 | 27.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 911 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Austria | 908 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 871 | 43.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 688 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 677 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 607 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 561 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 436 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 187 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 167 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 86 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 73 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (21,781 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,534 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (2,364 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Slovenia: no refinery (2,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.