Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 32 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (31%) and Slovenia (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (41%), Kazakhstan (10%) and Norway (6%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia13 kt (est. 41%)Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 10%)Norway1.9 kt (est. 6%)United States1.5 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 3%)Iraq0.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.3 kt (est. 7%)Slovenia: no refinery4.0 kt (13%)Hungary: crude not from imports2.3 kt (7%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)18 kt (56%)Germany10 kt (31%)Slovenia4.0 kt (13%)Hungary: jet fuel supply32 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Russia13 kt (est. 41%)
- Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway1.9 kt (est. 6%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq0.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery4.0 kt (13%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports2.3 kt (7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 18,000 | 56.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 13,280 | 73.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 4,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,349 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,055 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,968 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,870 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,498 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,205 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,130 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 869 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 759 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 649 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 316 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 52 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (4,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (2,349 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (649 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (52 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.