Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 29 kt: 66% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (31%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (73%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia21 kt (est. 73%)Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. 2%)Croatia0.6 kt (est. 2%)Saudi Arabia0.4 kt (est. 1%)Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)United States0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 1%)Hungary: crude not from imports3.7 kt (13%)Slovakia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)19 kt (66%)Slovakia9.0 kt (31%)Germany1.0 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply29 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Germany
- Russia21 kt (est. 73%)
- Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Croatia0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Saudi Arabia0.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- United States0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports3.7 kt (13%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 19,000 | 65.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 9,000 | 31.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 13,797 | 72.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 7,512 | 83.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,678 | 19.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 927 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 616 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 598 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 502 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 370 | 37.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 370 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 176 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 160 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 126 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 87 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 38 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 34 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 8 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (3,678 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (502 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (87 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (34 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.