Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 38 kt: 78% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (76%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia29 kt (est. 76%)Kazakhstan2.3 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia0.5 kt (est. 1%)Croatia0.5 kt (est. 1%)United States0.2 kt (est. <1%)Hungary0.2 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 1%)Hungary: crude not from imports4.6 kt (12%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)30 kt (78%)Slovakia7.3 kt (19%)Netherlands1.1 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply38 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Netherlands
- Russia29 kt (est. 76%)
- Kazakhstan2.3 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia0.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Croatia0.5 kt (est. 1%)
- United States0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Hungary0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports4.6 kt (12%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 29,800 | 78.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 7,300 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,100 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 22,593 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 6,488 | 88.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,554 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,203 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 521 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 451 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 420 | 38.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 246 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 205 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 187 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 134 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 86 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 85 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 28 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (4,554 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (86 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (85 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.