Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Hungary's petrol supply was 152 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Austria (15%) and Slovakia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (62%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia94 kt (est. 62%)Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 4%)Libya3.6 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan2.9 kt (est. 2%)Croatia1.5 kt (est. 1%)Norway1.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)Hungary: crude not from imports15 kt (10%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no refinery1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)101 kt (67%)Austria23 kt (15%)Slovakia20 kt (13%)Romania4.5 kt (3%)Czechia2.7 kt (2%)Slovenia1.4 kt (<1%)Hungary: petrol supply152 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia94 kt (est. 62%)
- Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya3.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan2.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Croatia1.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Norway1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports15 kt (10%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 101,200 | 66.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 22,800 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 19,500 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: petrol supply | 4,500 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 2,700 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 1,400 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 76,726 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 17,332 | 88.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 15,464 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 11,198 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 7,480 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 4,305 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,211 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,169 | 48.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,530 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 1,400 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,392 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,275 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,242 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,235 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,157 | 25.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 860 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 716 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 674 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 547 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 455 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 434 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 382 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 321 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 294 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 229 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 64 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 8 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (15,464 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,661 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (1,400 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (860 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.