Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 38 kt: 37% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (25%), Slovenia (12%) and Germany (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (52%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and 17% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia20 kt (est. 52%)Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 9%)Norway1.4 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.1 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (est. 3%)United States0.9 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.2 kt (est. 8%)Slovenia: no refinery4.5 kt (12%)Hungary: crude not from imports1.3 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)14 kt (37%)Slovakia9.6 kt (25%)Slovenia4.5 kt (12%)Germany3.6 kt (9%)Belgium3.5 kt (9%)Romania1.5 kt (4%)Croatia1.1 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply38 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia20 kt (est. 52%)
- Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway1.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (est. 3%)
- United States0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan0.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.2 kt (est. 8%)
- Slovenia: no refinery4.5 kt (12%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports1.3 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 14,200 | 37.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 9,600 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,500 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 3,600 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 3,500 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,500 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,100 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 11,531 | 81.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 8,283 | 86.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 4,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,351 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,273 | 9.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,159 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,035 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 934 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 779 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 737 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 669 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 641 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 591 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 503 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 481 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 429 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 375 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 363 | 24.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 312 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 280 | 25.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 248 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 237 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 234 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 176 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 137 | 12.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 122 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 116 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 89 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 84 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 79 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 75 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 54 | 1.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Belgium | 50 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 43 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 21 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (4,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (1,273 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (508 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (288 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.