Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 44 kt: 40% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (24%), Slovakia (23%) and Germany (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (44%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 31% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia19 kt (est. 44%)Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan2.2 kt (est. 5%)Hungary1.4 kt (est. 3%)Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. 2%)Norway0.6 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 4%)Slovenia: no refinery10 kt (24%)Hungary: crude not from imports2.3 kt (5%)Croatia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)18 kt (40%)Slovenia10 kt (24%)Slovakia10 kt (23%)Germany4.0 kt (9%)Croatia2.0 kt (5%)Hungary: jet fuel supply44 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Slovakia
- Germany
- Croatia
- Russia19 kt (est. 44%)
- Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan2.2 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary1.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway0.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Slovenia: no refinery10 kt (24%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports2.3 kt (5%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 17,600 | 39.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 10,400 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 10,200 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,000 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 12,541 | 71.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 10,400 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 6,848 | 67.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,752 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,291 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,799 | 45.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 1,421 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 1,266 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 839 | 41.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 665 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 640 | 32.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 565 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 554 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 553 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 450 | 22.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 329 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 92 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 85 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 71 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 22 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (10,400 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (2,291 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (450 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (329 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (92 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.