Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Hungary's petrol supply was 133 kt: 40% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (39%) and Austria (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (55%), Kazakhstan (16%) and Azerbaijan (6%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia73 kt (est. 55%)Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 16%)Azerbaijan8.0 kt (est. 6%)Hungary7.3 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia5.9 kt (est. 4%)Libya2.8 kt (est. 2%)Guyana1.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 2%)Hungary: crude not from imports7.0 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (1%)Slovenia: no refinery1.5 kt (1%)Hungary (own refineries)53 kt (40%)Slovakia52 kt (39%)Austria19 kt (14%)Romania4.6 kt (3%)Czechia2.5 kt (2%)Slovenia1.5 kt (1%)Hungary: petrol supply133 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia73 kt (est. 55%)
- Kazakhstan22 kt (est. 16%)
- Azerbaijan8.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Hungary7.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia5.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya2.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports7.0 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (1%)
- Slovenia: no refinery1.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 53,400 | 40.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 52,100 | 39.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 18,900 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: petrol supply | 4,600 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 2,500 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 1,500 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 38,052 | 71.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 34,977 | 67.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,557 | 55.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 8,349 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 7,260 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 6,952 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 6,468 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 3,395 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,434 | 52.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,253 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,219 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,646 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 1,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Guyana | Austria | 1,056 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 872 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 819 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 636 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 547 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 545 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 522 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 507 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 351 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 346 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 292 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 229 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 171 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (6,952 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,801 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (1,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.