Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 41 kt: 33% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Croatia (17%), Slovenia (11%) and Germany (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (27%), Kazakhstan (8%) and Azerbaijan (7%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia11 kt (est. 27%)Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan2.7 kt (est. 7%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)Norway1.2 kt (est. 3%)United States1.1 kt (est. 3%)Guyana0.7 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 8%)Slovenia: no refinery4.6 kt (11%)Hungary: crude not from imports3.5 kt (8%)United Kingdom: no crude data2.9 kt (7%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data2.7 kt (7%)Croatia: crude not from imports1.2 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)14 kt (33%)Croatia6.8 kt (17%)Slovenia4.6 kt (11%)Germany3.3 kt (8%)United Kingdom2.9 kt (7%)Slovakia2.8 kt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.7 kt (7%)Belgium1.8 kt (4%)Netherlands1.5 kt (4%)Romania1.3 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply41 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Croatia
- Slovenia
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- Slovakia
- Saudi Arabia
- Belgium
- Other (2)
- Russia11 kt (est. 27%)
- Kazakhstan3.2 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan2.7 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- United States1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Guyana0.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 8%)
- Slovenia: no refinery4.6 kt (11%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports3.5 kt (8%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data2.9 kt (7%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data2.7 kt (7%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports1.2 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 13,500 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 6,800 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,600 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 3,300 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,900 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,800 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,700 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,800 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,500 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,300 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 9,442 | 69.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 4,600 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,464 | 25.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 2,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 2,700 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 2,220 | 32.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,715 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 1,329 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 1,192 | 17.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 1,148 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 873 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 794 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 582 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 575 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 547 | 36.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 523 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 514 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 514 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 496 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 470 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 433 | 33.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 424 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 368 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 357 | 27.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Croatia | 335 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 319 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 310 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 309 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 268 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 265 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 243 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Hungary split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 218 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 154 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 137 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 119 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 87 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Romania | 81 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 63 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 46 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 41 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 12 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (4,600 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (3,464 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (2,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (2,700 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (1,192 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (552 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (406 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.