Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 41 kt: 24% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (30%), Germany (22%) and Saudi Arabia (18%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (13%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 63% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia5.2 kt (est. 13%)Kazakhstan2.1 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)Norway1.6 kt (est. 4%)United States1.4 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 2%)Guyana0.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 4%)Slovenia: no refinery12 kt (30%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data7.5 kt (18%)Hungary: crude not from imports4.0 kt (10%)China: no crude data1.0 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Hungary (own refineries)9.9 kt (24%)Slovenia12 kt (30%)Germany9.1 kt (22%)Saudi Arabia7.5 kt (18%)Croatia1.4 kt (3%)China1.0 kt (2%)Hungary: jet fuel supply41 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovenia
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Germany
- Saudi Arabia
- Croatia
- China
- Russia5.2 kt (est. 13%)
- Kazakhstan2.1 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway1.6 kt (est. 4%)
- United States1.4 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Slovenia: no refinery12 kt (30%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data7.5 kt (18%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports4.0 kt (10%)
- China: no crude data1.0 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 12,100 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 9,900 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 9,100 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 7,500 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,400 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 12,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 7,500 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,223 | 52.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,035 | 40.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,577 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,435 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,411 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,386 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,318 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 927 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 598 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Croatia | 483 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 435 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 332 | 23.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Germany | 304 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 276 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 239 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 206 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 138 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Croatia | 70 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (12,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (7,500 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (4,035 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- China: no crude data (1,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (598 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (470 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.