Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 36 kt: 15% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (41%), Germany (34%) and Slovakia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (10%), the United States (5%) and Libya (5%), and 57% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia3.5 kt (est. 10%)United States1.9 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)Norway1.8 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan1.8 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)Guyana0.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. 6%)Slovenia: no refinery15 kt (41%)Hungary: crude not from imports3.0 kt (9%)Singapore: no crude data1.2 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (2%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)Germany: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)Hungary (own refineries)5.4 kt (15%)Slovenia15 kt (41%)Germany12 kt (34%)Slovakia2.0 kt (6%)Singapore1.2 kt (3%)Croatia0.4 kt (1%)Hungary: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia3.5 kt (est. 10%)
- United States1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana0.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. 6%)
- Slovenia: no refinery15 kt (41%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports3.0 kt (9%)
- Singapore: no crude data1.2 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (1%)
- Germany: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 14,600 | 41.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 12,000 | 33.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 5,400 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,200 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 400 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 14,600 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,049 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,233 | 41.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,929 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,887 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,819 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,789 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,656 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,328 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 1,313 | 65.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 1,200 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Guyana | Germany | 824 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 412 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 357 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 326 | 16.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 265 | 66.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 239 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 135 | 33.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 122 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 119 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (14,600 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (3,049 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Singapore: no crude data (1,200 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (590 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (412 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (357 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.