Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 48 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (19%), Germany (12%) and the United Kingdom (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (9%) and Norway (5%), and 67% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia4.6 kt (est. 9%)Norway2.5 kt (est. 5%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 4%)United States0.9 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 2%)Guyana0.7 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins2.5 kt (est. 5%)Hungary: crude not from imports15 kt (32%)Slovenia: no refinery8.9 kt (19%)United Kingdom: no crude data4.9 kt (10%)China: no crude data3.0 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)24 kt (50%)Slovenia8.9 kt (19%)Germany5.7 kt (12%)United Kingdom4.9 kt (10%)China3.0 kt (6%)Croatia1.4 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply48 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- China
- Croatia
- Russia4.6 kt (est. 9%)
- Norway2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United States0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana0.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports15 kt (32%)
- Slovenia: no refinery8.9 kt (19%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data4.9 kt (10%)
- China: no crude data3.0 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 24,200 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 8,900 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 5,700 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,900 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 3,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,400 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 15,320 | 63.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 8,900 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 4,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,550 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 3,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,722 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,587 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,438 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,033 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 932 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 700 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 664 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 661 | 47.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 592 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 578 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 540 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 336 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Croatia | 168 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 164 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 136 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 108 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 71 | 5.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (15,320 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (8,900 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (4,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- China: no crude data (3,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (207 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.