Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 50 kt: 23% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (22%), Croatia (20%) and Germany (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (12%), Libya (11%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 43% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan6.1 kt (est. 12%)Libya5.3 kt (est. 11%)Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 6%)Norway2.7 kt (est. 5%)Russia2.2 kt (est. 4%)Guyana2.1 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia1.7 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.4 kt (est. 11%)Slovenia: no refinery11 kt (22%)Hungary: crude not from imports5.4 kt (11%)China: no crude data2.6 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data1.3 kt (3%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Hungary (own refineries)11 kt (23%)Slovenia11 kt (22%)Croatia10 kt (20%)Germany9.6 kt (19%)Slovakia3.8 kt (8%)China2.6 kt (5%)United Kingdom1.3 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply50 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovenia
- Croatia
- Germany
- Slovakia
- China
- United Kingdom
- Azerbaijan6.1 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya5.3 kt (est. 11%)
- Kazakhstan3.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway2.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Russia2.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana2.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia1.7 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.4 kt (est. 11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery11 kt (22%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports5.4 kt (11%)
- China: no crude data2.6 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data1.3 kt (3%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 11,400 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 10,700 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 10,100 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 9,600 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 3,800 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,600 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,300 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 10,700 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 5,896 | 58.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,388 | 47.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,891 | 40.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 2,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,511 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 1,679 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,618 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 1,459 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,347 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 1,300 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,234 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,229 | 32.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Croatia | 1,066 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 1,016 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 887 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 835 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 821 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 789 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 653 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 580 | 15.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 460 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 281 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 263 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 263 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 250 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 231 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 215 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 36 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (10,700 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (5,388 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- China: no crude data (2,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (1,300 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (580 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (496 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.