Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Hungary's petrol supply was 98 kt: 72% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (24%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (18%), the Russia (14%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya17 kt (est. 18%)Russia13 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia9.4 kt (est. 10%)Norway6.4 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom4.2 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 4%)Switzerland3.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.9 kt (est. 3%)Hungary: crude not from imports33 kt (34%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported3.6 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)70 kt (72%)Slovakia24 kt (24%)Austria3.7 kt (4%)Czechia0.3 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary: petrol supply98 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Czechia
- Slovenia
- Libya17 kt (est. 18%)
- Russia13 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia9.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway6.4 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom4.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan3.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Switzerland3.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports33 kt (34%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported3.6 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 70,200 | 71.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 23,500 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 3,700 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 300 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 100 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 33,180 | 47.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 15,465 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 8,293 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 5,165 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,054 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,859 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 4,040 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 3,943 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 3,590 | 15.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia | 3,417 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,729 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,667 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,620 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 1,546 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 1,332 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 959 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 406 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 300 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 241 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 225 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 201 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 167 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 113 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 88 | 29.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 50 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 33 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 17 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (33,180 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (3,590 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (443 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.