Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 46 kt: 27% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (32%), Slovenia (25%) and Germany (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (22%), Libya (10%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 39% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia10 kt (est. 22%)Libya4.8 kt (est. 10%)Saudi Arabia2.6 kt (est. 6%)Norway2.4 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 5%)Switzerland1.5 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.5 kt (est. 7%)Slovenia: no refinery12 kt (25%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (5%)Hungary: crude not from imports2.2 kt (5%)China: no crude data2.0 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)12 kt (27%)Slovakia15 kt (32%)Slovenia12 kt (25%)Germany4.6 kt (10%)China2.0 kt (4%)Croatia1.2 kt (3%)Hungary: jet fuel supply46 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia10 kt (est. 22%)
- Libya4.8 kt (est. 10%)
- Saudi Arabia2.6 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway2.4 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 5%)
- Switzerland1.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.5 kt (est. 7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery12 kt (25%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports2.2 kt (5%)
- China: no crude data2.0 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 14,600 | 31.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 12,300 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 11,500 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,600 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,200 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 11,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 5,610 | 38.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,395 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,555 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 2,411 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,190 | 17.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| China: no crude data | China | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,931 | 42.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 1,728 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,675 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia | 1,498 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 962 | 80.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 900 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 823 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 791 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 706 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 678 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 633 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 471 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 405 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 295 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 282 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 264 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 140 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Croatia | 127 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 121 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 111 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (11,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (2,411 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (2,190 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- China: no crude data (2,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (140 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.