Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Hungary's petrol supply was 130 kt: 70% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (18%) and Austria (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (32%), Libya (22%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 17% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia41 kt (est. 32%)Libya29 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan10 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 8%)Norway7.0 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom3.2 kt (est. 2%)Switzerland2.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins5.8 kt (est. 4%)Hungary: crude not from imports16 kt (12%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported3.8 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)91 kt (70%)Slovakia23 kt (18%)Austria14 kt (11%)Czechia1.3 kt (1%)Slovenia0.3 kt (<1%)Romania0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary: petrol supply130 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia41 kt (est. 32%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan10 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway7.0 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom3.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Switzerland2.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins5.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports16 kt (12%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported3.8 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 91,000 | 70.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 22,900 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 14,400 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 1,300 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 300 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 32,519 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 26,299 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 16,203 | 17.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 8,800 | 38.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,874 | 54.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 6,089 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,855 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 3,781 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 3,030 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 2,711 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 2,627 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia | 2,349 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,083 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,952 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,252 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 1,108 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,065 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 1,063 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 653 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 526 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 465 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 462 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 348 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 300 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 224 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 172 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 91 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 34 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 32 | 31.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 30 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 4 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (16,203 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (3,781 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,321 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (300 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.