Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Ireland's road diesel supply was 313 kt: 16% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (33%), the Netherlands (27%) and the United States (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (25%) and Norway (6%), and 49% cannot be traced.
Country
United States80 kt (est. 25%)Norway18 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 3%)Brazil7.6 kt (est. 2%)Iraq6.9 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan5.9 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom: no crude data103 kt (33%)United States: no crude data42 kt (13%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Ireland (own refineries)50 kt (16%)United Kingdom103 kt (33%)Netherlands85 kt (27%)United States42 kt (13%)France15 kt (5%)Sweden13 kt (4%)Belgium5.0 kt (2%)Ireland: road diesel supply313 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- Ireland (own refineries)
- United States
- France
- Sweden
- Belgium
- United States80 kt (est. 25%)
- Norway18 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 3%)
- Brazil7.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq6.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan5.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data103 kt (33%)
- United States: no crude data42 kt (13%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Ireland: road diesel supply | 103,064 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland: road diesel supply | 85,022 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: road diesel supply | 50,380 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United States | Ireland: road diesel supply | 42,096 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Ireland: road diesel supply | 14,614 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Ireland: road diesel supply | 13,305 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland: road diesel supply | 4,951 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 103,064 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 50,380 | 100.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 42,096 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 24,124 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 10,363 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 10,327 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 8,352 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,056 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 7,066 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 6,546 | 49.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 5,886 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 5,083 | 34.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,074 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 3,387 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 2,966 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 2,388 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 2,080 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,810 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,773 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1,702 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,328 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,087 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,000 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 811 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 743 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 716 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 686 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | France | 643 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 599 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 564 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 483 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 350 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 343 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 310 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 273 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 242 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 210 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 200 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 177 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Ireland split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden | 146 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Ireland’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (103,064 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (42,096 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (5,074 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,385 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (858 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.