Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Ireland's road diesel supply was 288 kt: 18% from its own refineries, with imports from the Netherlands (44%), the United Kingdom (32%) and Belgium (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (31%), Norway (7%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 36% cannot be traced.
Country
United States89 kt (est. 31%)Norway20 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan17 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia15 kt (est. 5%)Iraq9.7 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom9.4 kt (est. 3%)Brazil9.2 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom: no crude data92 kt (32%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported9.7 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)Ireland (own refineries)52 kt (18%)Netherlands127 kt (44%)United Kingdom92 kt (32%)Belgium17 kt (6%)Ireland: road diesel supply288 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
- Ireland (own refineries)
- Belgium
- United States89 kt (est. 31%)
- Norway20 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan17 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia15 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq9.7 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom9.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Brazil9.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data92 kt (32%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported9.7 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Ireland: road diesel supply | 126,523 | 44.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland: road diesel supply | 92,221 | 32.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: road diesel supply | 52,039 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Belgium | Ireland: road diesel supply | 16,789 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 92,221 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 52,039 | 100.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 33,962 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 17,610 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 14,642 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 12,371 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 11,652 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 9,704 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 9,234 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,834 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 8,514 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,804 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,045 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 2,417 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,166 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 2,159 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,503 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 705 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 528 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 461 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Ireland’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (92,221 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (9,704 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,503 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.