Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Ireland's jet fuel supply was 95 kt, all of it imported, from the United Kingdom (93%) and Belgium (7%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 94% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway1.3 kt (est. 1%)United States1.0 kt (est. 1%)United Kingdom0.6 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. <1%)Democratic Republic of the Congo0.4 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.3 kt (est. <1%)Colombia0.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. 1%)United Kingdom: no crude data88 kt (93%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)United Kingdom88 kt (93%)Belgium6.4 kt (7%)Ireland: jet fuel supply95 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United Kingdom
- Belgium
- Norway1.3 kt (est. 1%)
- United States1.0 kt (est. 1%)
- United Kingdom0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Colombia0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. 1%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data88 kt (93%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Ireland: jet fuel supply | 88,260 | 93.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland: jet fuel supply | 6,381 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 88,260 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,325 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,047 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 980 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 716 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 623 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 567 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 435 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 325 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Colombia | Belgium | 315 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 47 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Ireland’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (88,260 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (716 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (47 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.