Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Ireland's petrol supply was 191 kt: 25% from its own refineries, with imports from the Netherlands (37%) and the United Kingdom (37%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (29%) and Norway (7%), and 39% cannot be traced.
Country
United States56 kt (est. 29%)Norway14 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria9.3 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan7.6 kt (est. 4%)Iraq6.4 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan5.7 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom5.5 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom: no crude data71 kt (37%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported4.0 kt (2%)Ireland (own refineries)48 kt (25%)Netherlands72 kt (37%)United Kingdom71 kt (37%)Ireland: petrol supply191 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
- Ireland (own refineries)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Ireland: petrol supply | 71,658 | 37.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland: petrol supply | 71,101 | 37.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: petrol supply | 48,460 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 71,101 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 37,261 | 76.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's petrol to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 18,514 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 14,042 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 11,806 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,648 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 6,355 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Ireland (own refineries) | 5,658 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's petrol to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,543 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Ireland (own refineries) | 5,542 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's petrol to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 4,006 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,745 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Ireland’s supply of petrol in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (71,101 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (4,006 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.