Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Ireland's road diesel supply was 270 kt: 23% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (27%), the United Kingdom (22%) and the United States (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (24%), Norway (12%) and Nigeria (5%), and 41% cannot be traced.
Country
United States65 kt (est. 24%)Norway32 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan9.3 kt (est. 3%)Canada9.2 kt (est. 3%)Brazil4.1 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom: no crude data60 kt (22%)United States: no crude data26 kt (10%)Norway: no crude data14 kt (5%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported6.3 kt (2%)Ireland: crude not from imports4.4 kt (2%)Ireland (own refineries)62 kt (23%)Netherlands74 kt (27%)United Kingdom60 kt (22%)United States26 kt (10%)Belgium18 kt (6%)Sweden17 kt (6%)Norway14 kt (5%)Ireland: road diesel supply270 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Ireland (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Belgium
- Sweden
- Norway
- United States65 kt (est. 24%)
- Norway32 kt (est. 12%)
- Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan9.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Canada9.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Brazil4.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data60 kt (22%)
- United States: no crude data26 kt (10%)
- Norway: no crude data14 kt (5%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported6.3 kt (2%)
- Ireland: crude not from imports4.4 kt (2%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Ireland: road diesel supply | 73,640 | 27.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: road diesel supply | 62,321 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland: road diesel supply | 59,953 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland: road diesel supply | 26,206 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland: road diesel supply | 17,538 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Ireland: road diesel supply | 16,599 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Ireland: road diesel supply | 13,778 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 59,953 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 42,589 | 68.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 26,206 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 16,023 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 14,903 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 13,778 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 12,265 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 8,896 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Ireland (own refineries) | 7,662 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Ireland (own refineries) | 7,649 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,329 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 7,218 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 6,766 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 6,281 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 4,546 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,518 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Ireland: crude not from imports | Ireland (own refineries) | 4,422 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 3,805 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,807 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,662 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1,950 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,855 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,488 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,325 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 1,298 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 815 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 487 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium | 289 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 251 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Ireland’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (59,953 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (26,206 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Norway: no crude data (13,778 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (6,281 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Ireland: crude not from imports (4,422 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.