Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Ireland's jet fuel supply was 104 kt: 3% from its own refineries, with imports from the United Kingdom (92%) and the Netherlands (5%); tracing one step back, no single crude origin reaches 5% of it, and 93% cannot be traced.
Country
United States3.2 kt (est. 3%)Norway1.2 kt (est. 1%)Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom0.5 kt (est. <1%)Canada0.5 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom: no crude data96 kt (92%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Ireland (own refineries)3.1 kt (3%)United Kingdom96 kt (92%)Netherlands5.3 kt (5%)Ireland: jet fuel supply104 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- Ireland (own refineries)
- United States3.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway1.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- United Kingdom0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Canada0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data96 kt (92%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Ireland: jet fuel supply | 95,591 | 91.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland: jet fuel supply | 5,329 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: jet fuel supply | 3,106 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 95,591 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 2,123 | 68.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,160 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,078 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 888 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 530 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 522 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 454 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Ireland (own refineries) | 382 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Ireland (own refineries) | 381 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 327 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 275 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Ireland (own refineries) | 220 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 94 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Ireland’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (95,591 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (454 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (220 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.