Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Ireland's road diesel supply was 262 kt: 24% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (29%), the United Kingdom (23%) and Belgium (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (27%), Norway (13%) and Nigeria (5%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
United States72 kt (est. 27%)Norway34 kt (est. 13%)Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom12 kt (est. 4%)Canada11 kt (est. 4%)Brazil8.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins28 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom: no crude data59 kt (23%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.3 kt (2%)Ireland: crude not from imports4.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Ireland (own refineries)64 kt (24%)Netherlands76 kt (29%)United Kingdom59 kt (23%)Belgium33 kt (13%)Sweden15 kt (6%)Spain15 kt (6%)Ireland: road diesel supply262 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Ireland (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Belgium
- Sweden
- Spain
- United States72 kt (est. 27%)
- Norway34 kt (est. 13%)
- Nigeria14 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom12 kt (est. 4%)
- Canada11 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil8.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins28 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data59 kt (23%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported5.3 kt (2%)
- Ireland: crude not from imports4.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Ireland: road diesel supply | 75,629 | 28.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Ireland (own refineries) | Ireland: road diesel supply | 63,807 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland: road diesel supply | 59,133 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland: road diesel supply | 33,362 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Ireland: road diesel supply | 15,327 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Ireland: road diesel supply | 14,578 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 59,133 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland (own refineries) | 43,614 | 68.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 18,544 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 14,517 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 13,387 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 11,927 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 8,025 | 55.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 7,877 | 51.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Ireland (own refineries) | 7,693 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Ireland (own refineries) | 7,680 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's road diesel to Ireland split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,202 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 6,460 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,948 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 5,500 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,322 | 7.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Ireland: crude not from imports | Ireland (own refineries) | 4,820 | 7.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Belgium | 4,553 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 4,433 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,449 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,838 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,721 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,160 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,015 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 1,860 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Ireland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 1,818 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 1,663 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 1,252 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 1,250 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 1,060 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 851 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium | 671 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Ireland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 399 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden | 382 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Ireland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Spain | 299 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 243 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 217 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 54 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Ireland split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Ireland’s supply of road diesel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (59,133 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (5,322 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Ireland: crude not from imports (4,820 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (243 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.