Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Latvia's jet fuel supply was 16 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (68%) and the Netherlands (32%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (34%), Norway (27%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 34%)Norway4.1 kt (est. 27%)United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 12%)United States1.3 kt (est. 9%)Algeria0.8 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. 4%)Iraq0.4 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. 5%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania11 kt (68%)Netherlands4.9 kt (32%)Slovakialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: jet fuel supply16 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Netherlands
- Slovakia
- Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 34%)
- Norway4.1 kt (est. 27%)
- United Kingdom1.8 kt (est. 12%)
- United States1.3 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria0.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan0.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq0.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins0.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: jet fuel supply | 10,580 | 68.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia: jet fuel supply | 4,927 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,781 | 45.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 3,433 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,441 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,323 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 826 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 785 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 686 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 570 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 482 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 378 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 360 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 344 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 99 | 0.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2 | 95.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Latvia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 0 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Latvia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (378 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (99 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.