Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Latvia's petrol supply was 18 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (65%) and Finland (30%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (39%), Saudi Arabia (27%) and the United Kingdom (11%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway6.8 kt (est. 39%)Saudi Arabia4.7 kt (est. 27%)United Kingdom2.0 kt (est. 11%)United States1.5 kt (est. 9%)Algeria0.8 kt (est. 5%)Estonia: no refinery0.8 kt (5%)Finland: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)Finland: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (2%)Lithuania: crude not from imports0.2 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania11 kt (65%)Finland5.3 kt (30%)Estonia0.8 kt (5%)United Kingdomless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: petrol supply18 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Estonia
- United Kingdom
- Norway6.8 kt (est. 39%)
- Saudi Arabia4.7 kt (est. 27%)
- United Kingdom2.0 kt (est. 11%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria0.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Estonia: no refinery0.8 kt (5%)
- Finland: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)
- Finland: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (2%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports0.2 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 11,403 | 64.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 5,315 | 30.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 840 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,670 | 41.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 4,170 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 2,649 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,743 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 1,300 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 840 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 793 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Finland: crude not from imports | Finland | 384 | 7.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Finland: crude origin not reported | Finland | 307 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 248 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Finland | 246 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 208 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 1 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Estonia: no refinery (840 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Finland: crude not from imports (384 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Finland: crude origin not reported (307 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (248 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.