Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Latvia's petrol supply was 117 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Finland (93%) and Lithuania (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (86%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 3% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 109,254 | 93.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 7,210 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 538 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 98,736 | 90.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 8,107 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,446 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Finland: crude origin not reported | Finland | 2,410 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 1,641 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,123 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 538 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Finland: crude origin not reported (2,410 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (538 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.