Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Latvia's petrol supply was 53 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Finland (80%) and Lithuania (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (71%), the United States (11%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway37 kt (est. 71%)United States5.7 kt (est. 11%)Saudi Arabia5.0 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom3.4 kt (est. 7%)Algeria0.4 kt (est. <1%)Canadaless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Estonia: no refinery0.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Finland42 kt (80%)Lithuania10.0 kt (19%)Estonia0.7 kt (1%)Latvia: petrol supply53 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 42,175 | 79.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 9,991 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 662 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 35,144 | 83.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 5,316 | 12.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 5,039 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 2,154 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,727 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,715 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 662 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Lithuania | 419 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 370 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 282 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Estonia: no refinery (662 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (282 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.