Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Latvia's petrol supply was 41 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Finland (74%) and Lithuania (25%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (65%), Saudi Arabia (12%) and Denmark (7%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway27 kt (est. 65%)Saudi Arabia4.9 kt (est. 12%)Denmark2.7 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom1.9 kt (est. 5%)United States1.9 kt (est. 5%)Senegal1.6 kt (est. 4%)Algeria0.4 kt (est. <1%)Estonia: no refinery0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Finland30 kt (74%)Lithuania10 kt (25%)Estonia0.6 kt (1%)Latvia: petrol supply41 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 30,057 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 10,037 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 604 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 23,847 | 79.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,896 | 48.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 2,780 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 2,735 | 9.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,938 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,911 | 6.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Senegal | Finland | 1,563 | 5.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 604 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 376 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 47 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Estonia: no refinery (604 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (47 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.