Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Latvia's petrol supply was 48 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (71%), Denmark (20%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (36%), Saudi Arabia (35%) and the United States (11%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway17 kt (est. 36%)Saudi Arabia17 kt (est. 35%)United States5.4 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom1.9 kt (est. 4%)Algeria1.3 kt (est. 3%)Netherlands0.6 kt (est. 1%)Denmark0.6 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports1.9 kt (4%)Estonia: no refinery1.1 kt (2%)Lithuania: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)Lithuania34 kt (71%)Denmark9.4 kt (20%)Finland3.3 kt (7%)Estonia1.1 kt (2%)Latvia: petrol supply48 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway17 kt (est. 36%)
- Saudi Arabia17 kt (est. 35%)
- United States5.4 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom1.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Algeria1.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Netherlands0.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark0.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports1.9 kt (4%)
- Estonia: no refinery1.1 kt (2%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 34,057 | 71.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Latvia: petrol supply | 9,437 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 3,346 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 1,080 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 16,542 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 12,334 | 36.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 3,775 | 40.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 2,419 | 72.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Denmark | 2,313 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 1,868 | 19.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,459 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 1,388 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,275 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 1,080 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 1,060 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 588 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 561 | 16.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 482 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 411 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 228 | 6.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 138 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (1,868 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Estonia: no refinery (1,080 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (1,060 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.