Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Latvia's jet fuel supply was 8.7 kt, all of it imported, from the United States (47%), Lithuania (47%) and Romania (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (21%), Norway (15%) and the United States (5%), and 50% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 21%)Norway1.3 kt (est. 15%)United States0.4 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom0.3 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. 2%)Algeria0.1 kt (est. 2%)Guyana0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. 1%)United States: no crude data4.1 kt (47%)Romania: crude not from imports0.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)United States4.1 kt (47%)Lithuania4.1 kt (47%)Romania0.5 kt (6%)Latvia: jet fuel supply8.7 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United States
- Lithuania
- Romania
- Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 21%)
- Norway1.3 kt (est. 15%)
- United States0.4 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom0.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria0.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. 1%)
- United States: no crude data4.1 kt (47%)
- Romania: crude not from imports0.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Latvia: jet fuel supply | 4,100 | 47.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: jet fuel supply | 4,072 | 47.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Latvia: jet fuel supply | 488 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States: no crude data | United States | 4,100 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 1,776 | 43.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 1,302 | 32.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 435 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 341 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 166 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 155 | 31.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 149 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 100 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 67 | 1.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Romania | 67 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's jet fuel to Latvia split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (4,100 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Romania: crude not from imports (155 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (67 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.