Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Lithuania's road diesel supply was 287 kt: 93% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (59%), Norway (24%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 2% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania (own refineries)
- Finland
- Latvia
- India
- Saudi Arabia170 kt (est. 59%)
- Norway68 kt (est. 24%)
- United Kingdom34 kt (est. 12%)
- Algeria9.4 kt (est. 3%)
- United States1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Canadaless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Latvia: no refinery3.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Mar 2025)
less than 50 tonnes
est. <1% of Lithuania's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reportedless than 0.1 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Last shipped from
- Finlandless than 0.1 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania (own refineries) | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 268,000 | 93.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 15,400 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Latvia | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 3,100 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 300 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania (own refineries) | 170,062 | 63.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania (own refineries) | 54,934 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania (own refineries) | 32,913 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 12,591 | 81.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Algeria | Lithuania (own refineries) | 9,425 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Latvia: no refinery | Latvia | 3,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Finland | 1,319 | 8.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania (own refineries) | 666 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 629 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 512 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 349 | 2.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | India | 300 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Lithuania’s supply of road diesel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Latvia: no refinery (3,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,178 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (349 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (300 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.