Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Lithuania's road diesel supply was 323 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (12%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (30%), Norway (26%) and the United States (26%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia98 kt (est. 30%)Norway83 kt (est. 26%)United States83 kt (est. 26%)United Kingdom17 kt (est. 5%)Algeria9.0 kt (est. 3%)Iraq4.0 kt (est. 1%)Nigeria2.7 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 2%)Lithuania: crude not from imports12 kt (4%)Latvia: no refinery3.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)Lithuania (own refineries)260 kt (81%)Netherlands38 kt (12%)Finland21 kt (7%)Latvia3.6 kt (1%)Lithuania: road diesel supply323 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Finland
- Latvia
- Saudi Arabia98 kt (est. 30%)
- Norway83 kt (est. 26%)
- United States83 kt (est. 26%)
- United Kingdom17 kt (est. 5%)
- Algeria9.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq4.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Nigeria2.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports12 kt (4%)
- Latvia: no refinery3.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Sep 2023)
2.7 thousand tonnes
est. <1% of Lithuania's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported2.7 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Netherlands2.7 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania (own refineries) | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 260,400 | 80.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 38,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 21,300 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Latvia | Lithuania: road diesel supply | 3,600 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania (own refineries) | 97,361 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania (own refineries) | 69,292 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania (own refineries) | 63,088 | 24.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 13,139 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania (own refineries) | 12,121 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,862 | 28.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania (own refineries) | 9,999 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania (own refineries) | 8,539 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Lithuania split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 6,635 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 6,237 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,414 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 3,967 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Latvia: no refinery | Latvia | 3,600 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 3,130 | 14.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,656 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 2,555 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,680 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Lithuania split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 907 | 2.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 796 | 3.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 605 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 416 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Lithuania split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 301 | 0.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Lithuania’s supply of road diesel in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (12,121 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Latvia: no refinery (3,600 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,431 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,702 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.