Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 95 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (77%) and Germany (18%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (21%), Norway (15%) and Nigeria (10%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
United States20 kt (est. 21%)Norway15 kt (est. 15%)Nigeria9.4 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan9.2 kt (est. 10%)Angola7.1 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom6.6 kt (est. 7%)Iraq3.9 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 18%)Belgium: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Belgium74 kt (77%)Germany17 kt (18%)Netherlands4.3 kt (4%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply95 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- France
- United States20 kt (est. 21%)
- Norway15 kt (est. 15%)
- Nigeria9.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan9.2 kt (est. 10%)
- Angola7.1 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom6.6 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq3.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 18%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jan 2024)
less than 50 tonnes
<1% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. 28%)
- United Statesless than 0.1 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. 14%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 73,911 | 77.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 17,232 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 4,255 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Belgium | 14,923 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 12,480 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 10,686 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 8,418 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 7,207 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 6,726 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 5,219 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 5,118 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,506 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,966 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,512 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 3,133 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,794 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,207 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,053 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 955 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 639 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 519 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 517 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 430 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 422 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 403 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 374 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 295 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 254 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Germany | 219 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 169 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 132 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 120 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 2 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 2 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 1 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | France | 1 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 0 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 0 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 0 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (5,118 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,053 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (493 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (254 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.