Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 95 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (75%) and Germany (21%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (19%), Norway (16%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
United States18 kt (est. 19%)Norway15 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan14 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom6.2 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia4.7 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria4.5 kt (est. 5%)Iraq4.2 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 19%)Belgium: crude origin not reported8.9 kt (9%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Belgium71 kt (75%)Germany20 kt (21%)Netherlands3.4 kt (4%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply95 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- United States18 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway15 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan14 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom6.2 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia4.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria4.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq4.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 19%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported8.9 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jul 2024)
3.4 thousand tonnes
4% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States0.8 kt (est. 23%)
- Norway0.5 kt (est. 16%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 12%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 71,342 | 74.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 20,462 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 3,432 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Belgium | 13,832 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 12,839 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 10,706 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 10,347 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 8,933 | 12.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,462 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 4,117 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,961 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 3,676 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 3,599 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,324 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 2,689 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,481 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,706 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,403 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,223 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 853 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 784 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 664 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 605 | 0.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 549 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 410 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 385 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 380 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 380 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 325 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 255 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 188 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 161 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (8,933 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,403 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (990 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (255 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.