Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 91 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (82%), the Netherlands (10%) and Germany (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (18%), Norway (15%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
United States17 kt (est. 18%)Norway13 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom4.9 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria4.3 kt (est. 5%)Iraq4.0 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 18%)Belgium: crude origin not reported10 kt (11%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Belgium75 kt (82%)Netherlands8.9 kt (10%)Germany7.7 kt (8%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply91 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- United States17 kt (est. 18%)
- Norway13 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom4.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria4.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq4.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 18%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported10 kt (11%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2024)
13.4 thousand tonnes
est. 15% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported13 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Belgium10 kt (est. 78%)
- Germany1.6 kt (est. 12%)
- Netherlands1.4 kt (est. 10%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 74,809 | 81.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 8,909 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 7,737 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 14,425 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 13,267 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 11,045 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 10,461 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 10,328 | 13.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 5,263 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 3,716 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 3,340 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 2,682 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,060 | 23.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,572 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,388 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,346 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,340 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,092 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,073 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 951 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 863 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 798 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 793 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 625 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 614 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 570 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 491 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 414 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 283 | 0.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 268 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 202 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 187 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 3 | 31.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 2 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 1 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 1 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 1 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 1 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 0 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 3.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 0 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Luxembourg split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (10,328 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,412 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (470 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.