Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 74 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (85%) and Germany (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (28%), the United States (20%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway21 kt (est. 28%)United States15 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan8.8 kt (est. 12%)Guyana6.5 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria4.7 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom2.9 kt (est. 4%)Brazil2.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 16%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium63 kt (85%)Germany9.1 kt (12%)Netherlands2.1 kt (3%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply74 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Norway21 kt (est. 28%)
- United States15 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan8.8 kt (est. 12%)
- Guyana6.5 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria4.7 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom2.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil2.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 16%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2026)
20.6 thousand tonnes
est. 28% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported21 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Belgium19 kt (est. 90%)
- Germany1.6 kt (est. 8%)
- Netherlands0.4 kt (est. 2%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 62,516 | 84.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 9,074 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 2,125 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 18,660 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 12,987 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 9,159 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 7,110 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 6,213 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 4,285 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,340 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 2,271 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,830 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,573 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,431 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,383 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 925 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 597 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 549 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 416 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 383 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 303 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 262 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 227 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 164 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 156 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 138 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 124 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 119 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 111 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (715 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (138 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.