Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, Luxembourg's road diesel supply was 89 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (83%) and the Netherlands (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (22%), the United States (14%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway20 kt (est. 22%)United States13 kt (est. 14%)Kazakhstan9.8 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom6.7 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria5.2 kt (est. 6%)Brazil4.9 kt (est. 5%)Iraq4.6 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 15%)Belgium: crude origin not reported11 kt (12%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium74 kt (83%)Netherlands14 kt (15%)Germany1.3 kt (1%)Luxembourg: road diesel supply89 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Norway20 kt (est. 22%)
- United States13 kt (est. 14%)
- Kazakhstan9.8 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom6.7 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria5.2 kt (est. 6%)
- Brazil4.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq4.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 15%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported11 kt (12%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Oct 2024)
73 tonnes
<1% of Luxembourg's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Germany0.1 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 74,218 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 13,849 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg: road diesel supply | 1,329 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium | 17,317 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 11,975 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 10,729 | 14.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Belgium | 9,228 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 8,013 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 5,202 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 4,596 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 3,920 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 3,238 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,178 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,481 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,588 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,358 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,308 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,272 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,145 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 939 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 579 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 290 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 289 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 222 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 178 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 119 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 88 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 73 | 5.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 35 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 27 | 2.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 8 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Luxembourg split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Luxembourg’s supply of road diesel in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (10,729 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (1,145 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (73 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (27 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.